ubuntu常用指令概览

1.文件夹操作1.1 打开文件夹cd path cd 桌面/path cd./abc.txt//打开本文件夹中txt1.2 返回文件夹目录cd..//cd空格.. 返回上层目录cd//返回主目录1.3 新建文件夹mkdir abc//将在主目录里边新建一个文件夹abcmkdir 桌面/abc//将在桌面上新建一个文件夹abc1.4 新建txt流程进入终端按照以下命令操作cd 模板 sudo gedit 文本文件 直接保存关闭 右键鼠标即可新建txt操作1.5查找文件路径where is dirname1.6 窗口形式打开文件夹命令#打开当前文件夹nautilus.#打开指定路径文件夹nautilus ddd/ccc/2.下载若下载时显示无法定位软件包可以通过以下命令更新以下软件源sudoapt-getupdatesudo apt-get install python3 sudo aptitude install python3//自动提示解决方案进行下载卸载sudo apt-get remove package-name//卸载包sudo apt-get purge package-name//卸载包及配置文件3.ssh远程参考https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39827677/article/details/1198948621.查看当前的ubuntu是否安装了ssh-server服务。默认只安装ssh-client服务 dpkg-l|grep ssh2.安装ssh-server服务 sudo apt-get install openssh-server 然后确认ssh-server是否启动了 ps-e|grep ssh 如果看到sshd那说明ssh-server已经启动了。如果没有则可以这样启动 sudo/etc/init.d/ssh start或sudo service ssh start3.登陆SSHLinux ssh username192.168.1.103其中username为192.168.1.103机器上的用户需要输入密码。 断开连接exit4.更换下载源4.1 添加与删除源#更新源sudocp/etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak#备份原来的源文件sudovi/etc/apt/sources.list#编辑源文件sudoaptupdate#更新也可用sudo apt-get update#添加一个PPA源sudoadd-apt-repository ppa:user/ppa-namesudoaptupdate#删除一个PPA源sudoadd-apt-repository ppa:user/ppa-namesudoaptupdate4.2 添加国内源以加速//查看Ubuntu版本$ lsb_release-a Distributor ID:Ubuntu Description:Ubuntu20.04.1LTS Release:20.04Codename:focal开始换源//查看source文件$ sudo gedit/etc/apt/sources.list**************************************************//ubuntu20.04#阿里源 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse//ubuntu18.04#阿里源 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse**************************************************我是将所有原文件注释了将以上复制进去更新命令$ sudo apt-get update**************************************************正在读取软件包列表...完成 E:无法获得锁/var/lib/apt/lists/lock。锁正由进程4722apt-get持有 N:请注意直接移除锁文件不一定是合适的解决方案且可能损坏您的系统。 E:无法对目录/var/lib/apt/lists/加锁解决//查看所有进程$ ps-aux***************************************************_apt47250.00.0271209728?S09:240:00/usr/lib/apt/_apt47260.30.0271209788?S09:240:00/usr/lib/apt/_apt47270.00.0271209900?S09:240:00/usr/lib/apt/_apt47290.00.0205527020?S09:240:00/usr/lib/apt/_apt52630.10.02876012820?S09:240:00/usr/lib/apt/****************************************************$ sudo-i//切换到root权限$ kill4725ps-再更新$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get upgrade5.环境变量ubuntu18.04 安装qt5.12.8及环境配置的详细教程 https://www.jb51.net/article/186984.htm$ sudo gedit/etc/profile***************************************************//在末尾添加注意这里的路经对应安装路经请检查自己的是否对应exportPATH/opt/Qt5.12.8/Tools/QtCreator/bin:$PATHexportPATH/opt/Qt5.12.8/5.12.8/gcc_64:$PATH修改环境变量打开环境变量文件sudo gedit~/.bashrc在该文件的最后添加如下代码//例如添加ROS工作空间的路径source~/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bashexportROS_PACKAGE_PATH${ROS_PACKAGE_PATH}:~/catkin_ws/检查source~/.bashrc//重启bashrc//查看路径是否添加上echo $ROS_PACKAGE_PATH6.添加截图工具下载包flameshotsudoapt-getinstallflameshot打开命令flameshot gui设置快捷键给该工具设置快捷键也就是给该命令设置快捷键打开【设置】----【键盘快捷键】–点击最下面的【】号输入一下内容保存即可使用截图工具完成后选择保存至剪切板即可进行复制粘贴7.安装VScoder官网下载https://code.visualstudio.com/解压后双击文件夹安装设置中文8.安装Pytorch1.安装显卡驱动安装驱动参考----------------------------------------------------------------------------详细参考https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44920726/article/details/123495075简洁参考https://blog.csdn.net/cheryl____/article/details/1256718319. 双系统修改启动顺序step0:#如果你的启动顺序如下Ubuntu Ubuntu高级选项 Windows Bootstep1:sudogedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg修改序号为你电脑对应的顺序保存重启即可10. 中英文切换Ubuntu 22.04如何设置中文输入法11. 编译CUbuntu下编译C文件的几种方法12. 找不到 WIFI 适配器笔记本联想小新pro16安装ubuntu18.04后发现这个现象解决方法如下下载源码压缩包https://github.com/HRex39/rtl8852be解压后执行下列命令即可在右上角看到WIFI连接设置cdrtl8852be-mainsudoapt-getinstallbuild-essentialsudoapt-getinstallbcmakesudomakeinstallsudomodprobe 8852be